We thank the commentators for the dialog and discussion they have proposed. We begin by remarking that telling and listening to stories are not an original thesis, especially if interpretive hermeneutics and phenomenology are central references. Academic and institutional settings are diverse if we consider the universe of empirical research grounded on philosophical methods and the teaching universe of practical and clinical disciplines, like psychiatry. The teaching of these disciplines frequently presents them merely as technics. A double reduction is performed: (...) the philosophical dimension of any and every technic is removed, and those who would benefit from this knowledge are presented as simple data... (shrink)

The end of the 1990s witnessed the development of evidence-based medicine, which proposed to screen, organize, and classify knowledge production in the health sciences. In this period, an increasing number of scientific publications started to incorporate the digital format and became easily accessible through the Internet. Since then, we have become used to the idea that there is a hierarchy in medical evidence. Its upper stratum, the gold standard of evidence, contains systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. The (...) base of such hierarchy contains case studies, clinical cases, and personal opinions.This knowledge hierarchy is not harmless. It has practical influences on... (shrink)

The work of Professor Kraus is more than welcome at a time in which Psychopathology has become increasingly shallow and lacking in density, content with the role of an ideal “observer” whose only ambition is an objective description of signs and symptoms in order to fulfil operational criteria which reliably bestow a place for the case under observation within the grid of diagnostic classification.

El desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en una lengua extranjera y el estudio de los fenómenos lingüísticos a través del análisis del discurso y de la pragmática son dos pilares funda-mentales en la formación de estudiantes que eligen las Humanidades como ámbito para sus estudios universitarios. En el marco de la adquisición de una segunda lengua con finalidades académicas y didácticas esta comunicación presenta una refexión desde la docencia sobre la adquisición de español como vehículo para el conocimiento de la (...) realidad multicultural y diversa del mundo hispanohablante reflejada en la fraseología y en el discurso oral. (shrink)

Rorty enfrentou as contingências do mundo contemporâneo apostando no partilhamento da “retórica das democracias liberais”, como a mais aceita e mais adequada em uma sociedade caracterizada pelo fim das metanarrativas e das condutas de moral absoluta. Mas essa aposta resvala claramente num pragmatismo moral mal disfarçado. Luhmann, ao contrário, levou até o fim a preocupação, abandonada por Rorty, de elaborar uma teoria antimetafísica e despida de um projeto normativo para a sociedade contemporânea. Sua teoria dos sistemas enfrenta as contingências do (...) mundo, excluindo tudo que for externo ao sistema, ou seja, tudo que não possa se tornar um mecanismo de manutenção da identidade dos sistemas face à complexidade do mundo. Rorty faces the contingencies of contemporary world by betting on the sharing of liberal democracies rhetorics as most fitted for a society characterized by the end of meta-narratives and absolute moral conducts. This bet clearly presents a moral pragmatism contrary to the ideas of Luhmann, who takes to its final consequences the project abandoned by Rorty of elaborating an antimetaphysics without a normative project for contemporary society. Luhmann’s theory of systems faces the contingencies of the world by excluding all that is external to the system, that is, all that cannot be converted into a mechanism of the maintenance of the identity of systems in facing the complexity of the world. (shrink)

The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the existing literature studying the relationship between emotional intelligence and risk behavior. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence available relating both constructs. Particular attention was paid to identifying possible differences in this relationship as a function of the different conceptualizations of EI and the risk domain. The study was conducted following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Our results revealed a (...) significant negative relationship between EI and health-related risk behaviors. However, this relationship was not observed in other risk domains such as finance and gambling. The relationship between EI and risk behavior differed according to the risk domain studied, which supports the notion that risk is a domain-specific construct. The results associated with the health-related risk behaviors are consistent with existing literature about the positive impact of emotional abilities on the health domain. A more complete understanding of the emotional mechanisms that underlie risk behavior could help to establish action guidelines and improve programmes to prevent and reduce the negative effects of risk behavior on our society. (shrink)

Rare copy number variants have a prominent role in the aetiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Substantial risk for schizophrenia is conferred by large CNVs at several loci, including microdeletions at 1q21.1, 3q29, 15q13.3 and 22q11.2 and microduplication at 16p11.2. However, these CNVs collectively account for a small fraction of cases, and the relevant genes and neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we performed a large two-stage genome-wide scan of rare CNVs and report the significant association of copy (...) number gains at chromosome 7q36.3 with schizophrenia. Microduplications with variable breakpoints occurred within a 362-kilobase region and were detected in 29 of 8,290 patients versus 2 of 7,431 controls in the combined sample. All duplications overlapped or were located within 89 kilobases upstream of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene VIPR2. VIPR2 transcription and cyclic-AMP signalling were significantly increased in cultured lymphocytes from patients with microduplications of 7q36.3. These findings implicate altered vasoactive intestinal peptide signalling in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and indicate the VPAC2 receptor as a potential target for the development of new antipsychotic drugs. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. (shrink)

Therapeutic strategies capable of inducing and enhancing prosthesis embodiment are a key point for better adaptation to and acceptance of prosthetic limbs. In this study, we developed a training protocol using an EMG-based human-machine interface that was applied in the preprosthetic rehabilitation phase of people with amputation. This is a case series with the objective of evaluating the induction and enhancement of the embodiment of a virtual prosthesis. Six men and a woman with unilateral transfemoral traumatic amputation without previous use (...) of prostheses participated in the study. Participants performed a training protocol with the EMG-based HMI, composed of six sessions held twice a week, each lasting 30 mins. This system consisted of myoelectric control of the movements of a virtual prosthesis immersed in a 3D virtual environment. Additionally, vibrotactile stimuli were provided on the participant’s back corresponding to the movements performed. Embodiment was investigated from the following set of measurements: skin conductance response, crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and reports before and after the training. The increase in the skin conductance response in conditions where the virtual prosthesis was threatened, recalibration of the peripersonal space perception identified by the crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and participant reports consistently showed the induction and enhancement of virtual prosthesis embodiment. Therefore, this protocol using EMG-based HMI was shown to be a viable option to achieve and enhance the embodiment of a virtual prosthetic limb. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as relações étnico-raciais no currículo de uma escola do campo. O objetivo foi identificar de que forma conteúdos de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana são trabalhados pelos professores das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, História, Ciências e Artes da Escola Municipal Margarida Maria Alves, localizada na cidade de Amargosa-Ba. Para a produção dos dados, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram organizados (...) segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo e permitem apontar que as práticas pedagógicas dos professores apresentam indícios de uma educação intercultural para os estudantes camponeses. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o currículo da escola no campo e as relações étnico-raciais no município de Amargosa-Ba, município localizado no território de identidade do Vale do Jiquiriçá. O lócus da pesquisa foi a escola municipal Margarida Maria Alves. As análises foram realizadas por meio da leitura do Projeto Político-Pedagógico e dos Planos de Ensino dos professores das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, História, Ciências e Artes. Os documentos curriculares analisados apontam indícios de que a educação no campo (...) do município está sendo trabalhada com o paradigma da educação no campo funcional, porque reconhece as diferenças, todavia, o município ainda adota nas escolas do campo um currículo urbano. Algumas ações inseridas no plano de ensino dos professores indicam que os conteúdos referentes às relações étnico-raciais, estão presentes no cotidiano da escola, ainda que de forma bem tímida, sobressaindo-se na disciplina de História. (shrink)

Each one of the five books authored or co-authored by Frans van Eemeren which have so far been translated into Spanish clearly fulfills a different role. Following the chronological order, we first have Speech Acts in Argumentative Discussions (van Eemeren and Grootendorst 1984; Spanish translation 2013), a book that contains the theoretical spadework in the field of pragmatics on which the whole edifice of pragma-dialectics is erected. Then follows Argumentation, Communication, and Fallacies (van Eemeren and Grootendorst 1992; Spanish translation 2002, (...) 22007), which is the first full presentation of the Standard Theory of Pragma-Dialectics complete with its explanation of fallacies as violations of the rules of critical discussion. In the third place comes my favourite book—Argumentation: Analysis, Evaluation, Presentation (van Eemeren, Grootendorst, and Snoeck Henkemans 2002; Spanish translation, 2006)—a rare combination of sophisticated theory (again, the Standard Theory) tersely an. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se analiza la relación entre la escritura y la presencia en la obra de Maurice Blanchot, se delimita el fundamento textual de la presencia en el orden de la literatura y se toman como referentes teóricos los conceptos de "espacio literario" y "pensamiento del afuera" de Michel Foucault. Si bien el propósito de examinar dicha relación es deconstruir el vínculo entre presencia y lenguaje, Blanchot conduce a considerar esa continuidad en términos de una presencia nunca completa ni devenida que (...) se conserva como una discontinuidad, una promesa y una ausencia que deben preservarse. ABSTRACT The article analyzes the relation between writing and presence in the work of Maurice Blanchot and defines the textual grounds of presence in the order of literature, using Michel Foucault's concepts of "literary space" and the "thought of the outside" as theoretical referents. While the objective of examining that relation is to deconstruct the link between presence and language, Blanchot leads us to consider that continuity in terms of a never complete or fulfilled presence that remains as discontinuity, as promise and absence that must be preserved. (shrink)

Model theory is the branch of mathematical logic looking at the relationship between mathematical structures and logic languages. These formal languages are free from the ambiguities of natural languages, and are becoming increasingly important in areas such as computing, philosophy and linguistics. This book provides a clear introduction to the subject for both mathematicians and the non-specialists now needing to learn some model theory.

Each of the five volumes in the Stone Art Theory Institutes series—and the seminars on which they are based—brings together a range of scholars who are not always directly familiar with one another’s work. The outcome of each of these convergences is an extensive and “unpredictable conversation” on knotty and provocative issues about art. This fourth volume in the series, _Beyond the Aesthetic and the Anti-Aesthetic_, focuses on questions revolving around the concepts of the aesthetic, the anti-aesthetic, and the political. (...) The book is about the fact that now, almost thirty years after Hal Foster defined the anti-aesthetic, there is still no viable alternative to the dichotomy between aesthetics and anti- or non-aesthetic art. The impasse is made more difficult by the proliferation of identity politics, and it is made less negotiable by the hegemony of anti-aesthetics in academic discourse on art. The central question of this book is whether artists and academicians are free of this choice in practice, in pedagogy, and in theory. The contributors are Stéphanie Benzaquen, J. M. Bern­stein, Karen Busk-Jepsen, Luis Camnitzer, Diarmuid Costello, Joana Cunha Leal, Angela Dimitrakaki, Alexander Dumbadze, T. Brandon Evans, Geng Youzhuang, Boris Groys, Beáta Hock, Gordon Hughes, Michael Kelly, Grant Kester, Meredith Kooi, Cary Levine, Sunil Manghani, William Mazzarella, Justin McKeown, Andrew McNamara, Eve Meltzer, Nadja Millner-Larsen, Maria Filomena Molder, Carrie Noland, Gary Peters, Aaron Richmond, Lauren Ross, Toni Ross, Eva Schürmann, Gregory Sholette, Noah Simblist, Jon Simons, Robert Storr, Martin Sundberg, Timotheus Vermeulen, and Rebecca Zorach. (shrink)

Dibujar el pensamiento de Seneca es dibujar su figura viva, trazar el esquema de su persona. Seneca es un mediador que para alzarse sobre nosotros necesita de nuestra necesidad, pues solo apoyado en nuestra indigencia tiene sentido. Maria Zambrano lleva a cabo un lucido estudio de la figura y significacion del pensador cordobes y presenta una seleccion de sus escritos.

IN THE LAST PART of the Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith puts his theory in a class with those of his contemporaries Francis Hutcheson and David Hume, namely, the systems that make sentiments the principle of approbation. Despite recognizing important differences with both of them, he thinks that since he has placed the origin of moral sentiments in sympathy, and in particular the fact that we are able to enter into the motives of the agent and get pleasure from (...) finding them appropriate to their cause, sentiments are the foundation of his theory of morals. Many of Smith’s commentators, in fact almost all of the most important studies over the last few years, reaffirm the author’s self-description. However, my aim in this paper is to challenge this view by showing that Smith’s system can also be plausibly seen as a theory of practical reasoning, and in some important aspects very similar to Aristotelian ethics. Surprisingly few scholars have seen this parallel. Laurence Berns, Samuel Fleischacker, Charles Griswold, and Gloria Vivenza are the latest exceptions, identifying several points of coincidence between Adam Smith and Aristotle’s ethics. None of them, however, has tied all these similarities under a unified interpretation, such as the one I propose here: The basic analogy between these theories, and the source of those particular coincidences, is the operation of practical reason. Moreover, and besides the common elements with Aristotle’s ethics, Smith’s reconstruction of practical reason simultaneously announces some of the main features of modern accounts of ethics, such as impartiality and universality as preconditions of moral judgment. The integration of these ancient and modern elements in a single coherent theory allows Smith’s TMS to overcome the insufficiencies and paradoxes of both these traditions, and it constitutes one of the most interesting and challenging proposals of modern ethics. (shrink)

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist der bedeutende Begriff der Anerkennung in drei Texten Hegels, dem System der Sittlichkeit (1802-3), der Jenaer Realphilosophie (1805-6) und der Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807). Vor diesem Hintergrund wird dann die kritische Auslegung und Ausarbeitung dieses Begriffes im philosophisch-politischen Denken Axel Honneths dargelegt.

En este libro, la autora desarrolla su concepción del juicio reflexionante inspirada en Emmanuel Kant y en Hannah Arendt para concentrarse en cómo cierto tipo de narraciones modelan nuestras nociones de lo que consideramos moral. Lara nos ofrece distintas concepciones sobre el mal en su formulación histórica mediante los ejemplos de las tragedias griegas, las diferentes concepciones sobre el mal en la obra de Shakespeare, el uso literario de la metáfora en la obra de Joseph Conrad y en narraciones fílmicas (...) que describen la crueldad humana. Lara sugiere que el aprendizaje moral es un proceso en el que intervienen las instituciones sociales, la voluntad de los individuos y de las sociedades para comprometerse a un debate abierto y con ello modelar los juicios colectivos sobre el pasado. Lara enfatiza que el juicio reflexionante se da entre un evento, una narración de dicho evento y la recepción pública de dicha narrativa. En este libro se aportan importantes métodos para la comprensión del fenómeno moral del mal, porque introducen nuevas verdades desvelatorias acerca de eventos particulares que no pueden ser simplemente captados por medio de categorías conceptuales. Lara utiliza como fuentes a Jürgen Habermas, Walter Benjamin, Primo Levi, Giorgio Agamben y Ariel Dorfman para probar la conclusión de este tipo de narraciones: la acción (de crueldad) ata de manera definitiva al perpetrador con su víctima. (shrink)

La integración de la tecnología en el ámbito del derecho penal plantea desafíos significativos debido a la falta de regulación de la inteligencia artificial (IA), lo que podría comprometer los derechos fundamentales. Este estudio se centra en abordar estos desafíos y proponer soluciones mediante un análisis exhaustivo de la situación actual y las posibles implicaciones de la IA en el sistema jurídico penal. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los problemas, desafíos y oportunidades que surgen con la implementación (...) de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Se busca identificar la necesidad de una regulación específica para la IA en el derecho penal, con el fin de proteger los derechos fundamentales de las personas y garantizar un sistema jurídico justo y equitativo. Para abordar esta problemática, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica detallada para examinar los antecedentes, problemas y desafíos asociados con la IA en los sistemas jurídicos, especialmente en el ámbito penal. Además, se realizaron análisis de criterios y opiniones de expertos en derecho para obtener una comprensión más profunda de la situación y las posibles soluciones. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad urgente de establecer una normativa específica para regular la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Se destaca que la falta de regulación representa un riesgo significativo para los derechos fundamentales, especialmente en lo que respecta a la configuración de delitos con el apoyo de la IA. Además, se identifican diferentes dimensiones que deben abordarse en la regulación, incluyendo principios y reglas básicas del derecho, supervisión humana de los sistemas de IA y la promoción de la innovación responsable en este campo. Este artículo subraya la importancia de establecer una regulación efectiva para la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Esta regulación no solo protegerá los derechos fundamentales de las personas, sino que también promoverá un uso responsable y progresivo de la IA como una herramienta valiosa para los profesionales del derecho. Es crucial que la regulación sea integral y adaptable para garantizar un sistema jurídico justo y equitativo en la era digital. (shrink)

A latência é o período do desenvolvimento menos abordado pela literatura psicanalítica e menos compreendido, apesar de corresponder à idade na qual ocorre a maior procura por atendimento psicológico. Além disso, questiona-se um possível encurtamento do período da latência em nossa cultura. Partindo ..

Introduction to the book symposium “THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH AND DISEASE: NEW PHILOSOPHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS BY DEREK BOLTON AND GRANT GILLETT”.

El epistolario del filósofo argentino Francisco Romero (Sevilla, 1891 - Buenos Aires, 1962) con colegas y discípulos de Chile y con extranjeros afincados voluntariamente o no en ese país, constituyó una notable red intelectual en torno al conocimiento de América, entre 1934 y 1962. La construcción del americanismo filosófico fue una de las preocupaciones aglutinantes, y las reflexiones que se produjeron se entroncaron con las circunstancias políticas, ideológicas, sociales, culturales y económicas de cada uno de sus miembros. The correspondence of (...) the argentine philosopher Francisco Romero (Seville, 1891 - Buenos Aires, 1962) with colleagues and disciples of Chile and foreign voluntarily or not settled in that country, constituted a remarkable intellectual network in the knowledge of America, between 1934 and 1962. The construction of Philosophical Americanism was a central concern, and reflections that occurred were connected with political, ideological, social, cultural and economic circumstances of each member. (shrink)

Más de diez años le llevó escribir la obra “Geografía, Ciencia y Sociedad” al Doctor en Geografía y Planificación Sr. Luis S. Valdivia, Geógrafo de profesión, quien pese a ser Chileno tuvo una corta instancia (en 1974) de desempeño laboral en nuestro país en el Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, CIREN. En Colombia, funda la Revista de Historia y Espacio del Departamento de Historia en 1979, la cual cuenta en la actualidad con una versión on line. Organizador del Primer (...) Taller de G.. (shrink)

La complejidad de los fenómenos sociales que presenciamos en la actualidad resulta inabarcable exclusivamente desde la categoría de pobreza y sin embargo, el diseño e implementación de políticas sociales se continúa abordando desde un paradigma o esquema pensado en clave desde la noción de pobreza. Teniendo en cuenta estas ideas en el presente artículo, se propone analizar la categoría de “pobreza”, intentando discutir en torno a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuál es el lugar que debería ocupar la noción de pobreza en (...) el diseño de un diagnóstico de la situación social actual? ¿En qué medida la pobreza es una noción adecuada como ordenadora del diseño de políticas sociales? ¿Qué implicancias tiene pasar de una mirada centrada en el problema de la pobreza hacia otra atenta a la diversidad de configuraciones sociales en que transcurre la vida cotidiana? ¿Cuál es el lugar que le corresponde a la idea de pobreza en la matriz a partir de la cuál pensar actualmente la política social y las respuestas que éstas brindan desde el Estado? (shrink)